Elite Formation in the Countries of Central Asia
Research Article
Abstract
The article deals with the peculiarities of political elite rotation in Central Asian countries, the role of patron-client relations and clans. The author analyzes the factors that can potentially affect the change of the mechanism of elite formation, such as the maturation of innovative type of elites; demographic processes, rejuvenation of the population and elites; external influences; the role of the civil sector and NGOs; the problems of imitation-image models of elite formation. Based on the results of the study, the author concludes that changes in the mechanism of elite formation in Central Asian countries are possible only under the influence of a complex of factors. However, such changes are hardly possible in the near future.
Keywords:
Central Asia, political elites, elite rotation, elite formation, political processes, clans, clienteles
References
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Kommunikatsionnye rezhimy postsovetskikh stran: reiting druzhestvennosti – 2023: nauchnyi doklad po rezul'tatam monitoringa kommunikatsionnykh rezhimov postsovetskikh stran. 2024. M.: Izd-vo NIIRK. 268 s. (RUS.)
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Osinina D. D. 2018. Elitnye gruppy Tsentral'noi Azii v bol'shoi geopoliticheskoi igre. M.: Infa-M. 159 s. (RUS.)
Politicheskie protsessy na postsovetskom prostranstve: novye trendy i starye problemy: kollektivnaya monografiya (otv. red. E.G. Solov'ev, G.I. Chufrin). 2020. M.: Izd-vo IMEMO RAN. 276 s. (RUS.)
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Rekk D.A. 2020. Genezis i sushchnostnye kharakteristiki klanov respublik Srednei Azii i Kazakhstana. – Obozrevatel'. № 7(366). S. 87-104. (RUS.)
Rekk D.A., Egorov V. G. 2022. Klany v postsovetskoi Tsentral'noi Azii. SPb: Aleteiya. 194 s. (RUS.)
Rogozhina K.A. 2010. Klientelizm v rekrutirovanii politicheskikh elit v Rossiiskoi Federatsii i postsovetskikh gosudarstvakh Tsentral'noi Azii: dis. ... k.polit.n. M. 241 s. (RUS.)
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Salimov D.M. 2022. Sredstva massovoi informatsii v politicheskom protsesse sovremennogo Tadzhikistana: funktsional'nye osobennosti: dis. … k.polit.n. M. 414 s. (RUS.)
Sitnyanskii G.Yu. 2024. Granitsy v Srednei Azii: chto bylo, chto est', chto budet. – Blizhnii i postsovetskii Vostok. № 4(8). S. 118-137. (RUS.)
Sulakshin S.S. 2011. Sovremennyi rossiiskii elitogenez kak klanovyi printsip formirovaniya gosudarstvennoi vlasti: glava 2. – Bagdasaryan V.E., Sulakshin S.S. Vlastnaya ideinaya transformatsiya: istoricheskii opyt i tipologiya. M.: Nauchnyi ekspert. (RUS.)
Khadyrov R.Yu. 2023. Institutsional'naya transformatsiya politicheskoi sistemy Tadzhikistana (1991–2022 gg.): dis. … k.polit.n. M. 281 s. (RUS.)
Sharafieva O.Kh. 2012. Rol' regional'nykh klanov vo vnutrennei politike Tadzhikistana. – Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. № 359. S. 98-100. (RUS.)
Ergashev Sh. 2020. Iz istorii formirovaniya natsional'noi politicheskoi elity Uzbekistana. – Ekonomika i sotsium. № 12-2(79). S. 517-522. (RUS.)
Cutler R.M. 2005. De-authoritarization in Uzbekistan?: Analysis and Prospects. – Towards Social Stability and Democratic Governance in Central Eurasia: Challenges to Regional Security. Amsterdam: IOS Press. P. 120-141.
Dumoulin М. 2012. The Kazakh Political Elite Generations and Career Profiles. – Revue d’études comparatives Est-Ouest. Vol. 43. No. 1-2. URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/296793667 (accessed 17.05.2025).
Dynasties of the Kazakh nomadic elite in the context of social transformations in the 19th century. 2022. URL: https://nomadit.co.uk/conference/tashkent2022/p/11672 (accessed 17.05.2025).
Rahimi O. 2020. Localism in Tajikistan: How Would It Affect Power Shift? URL: https://moderndiplomacy.eu/2020/08/08/localism-in-tajikistan-how-would-it-affect-power-shift/ (accessed 17.05.2025).
Urmanbetova Zh. 2017. The Current State of Kyrgyzstan: Elite Problem. URL: https://ipi1.ru/images/PDF/2017/87/the-current-state.pdf (accessed 17.05.2025).
Bobokhonov R. S. 2012. Evolyutsiya etnoregional'nykh klanov v Tadzhikistane (XX v.). – Pravo i politika. № 3(147). S. 570-582. (RUS.)
Bolponova A.B. 2013. Istoriya i evolyutsiya klanovoi sistemy v politicheskikh protsessakh kyrgyzskogo obshchestva (XIX – XXI vv.). B.: Maxprint. 284 s. (RUS.)
Bolponova A.B. 2015. Politicheskie klany Kyrgyzstana: istoriya i sovremennost'. – Tsentral'naya Aziya i Kavkaz. T. 18. Vyp. 3-4. S. 57-72. (RUS.)
Garbuzarova E.G. 2020. Tsentral'naya Aziya v sovremennykh miropoliticheskikh protsessakh. M.: Aspekt Press. 192 s. (RUS.)
Grozin A.V. 2010. Elity Turkmenistana i tsentral'noaziatskie klany: obshchee, osobennoe, trudnosti modernizatsii. – Rossiya i musul'manskii mir. № 12(222) . S. 94-106. (RUS.)
Dzhantaleeva M.Sh. 2022. Politicheskie elity Kazakhstana i krizis 2022 goda. – Voprosy elitologii. № 3. S. 81-95. (RUS.)
Zhil'tsov S.S. 2020. Tsentral'naya Aziya: osobennosti politicheskogo razvitiya. – Vestnik Diplomaticheskoi akademii MID Rossii. Rossiya i mir. № 1(23). S. 143-160. (RUS.)
Ilebaeva A.K., Batanova M.K. 2021. Klany sovremennoi Tsentral'noi Azii. – Vestnik Kyrgyzsko-Rossiiskogo Slavyanskogo universiteta. T. 21. № 11. S. 147-151. (RUS.)
Kadyrov Sh. 2010. Elitarnye klany. Shtrikhi k portretam. Dostup: https://www.turkmennotebooks.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/klan.pdf (provereno 17.05.2025). (RUS.)
Kan Pkhen Ki. 2006. «Elity» Rossii, Kazakhstana, Uzbekistana. Sravnenie i otsenka. – Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniya. № 1. S. 147-152. (RUS.)
Komleva V.V. 2024. Intellektual'nyi potentsial Kyrgyzstana. – Rossiya i mir: nauchnyi dialog. № 4(14). S. 126-150. (RUS.)
Kommunikatsionnye rezhimy postsovetskikh stran: reiting druzhestvennosti – 2023: nauchnyi doklad po rezul'tatam monitoringa kommunikatsionnykh rezhimov postsovetskikh stran. 2024. M.: Izd-vo NIIRK. 268 s. (RUS.)
Kommunikatsionnye rezhimy postsovetskikh stran: reiting druzhestvennosti – 2024: nauchnyi doklad po rezul'tatam monitoringa kommunikatsionnykh rezhimov postsovetskikh stran. 2025. M.: Izd-vo NIIRK. 360 s. (RUS.)
Krylov A.B., Malysheva D.B. 2011. Rossiya i postsovetskie gosudarstva Tsentral'noi Azii i Yuzhnogo Kavkaza: prognoz na 2030 god. – Rossiya i novye gosudarstva Evrazii. № 1(10). S. 44-58. (RUS.)
Larina E.I. 2022. Ritualy, dostoinstvo i uvazhenie v tsentral'noaziatskom obshchestve. – Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Ser. 8. Istoriya. № 1. S. 145-165. (RUS.)
Larina E.I. 2023. «Ogranichitel'nye zakony» Uzbekistana i sotsial'nye normy, ritual'nye praktiki, tsennostnye predstavleniya obshchestva. – Kunstkamera. № 3(21). S. 82-98. (RUS.)
Malysheva D.B. 2020. Problemy regionalizatsii postsovetskoi Tsentral'noi Azii. – Kontury global'nykh transformatsii: politika, ekonomika, pravo. T. 13. № 3. S. 140-155. (RUS.)
Nogoibaeva E. 2007. Kyrgyzstan: formirovanie i vzaimodeistvie politicheskikh elit. Dostup: https://ca-c.org.ru/journal/2007/journal_rus/cac-01/10.nogru.shtml (provereno 17.05.2025). (RUS.)
Okenaeva M.Zh. 2013. Formirovanie elit postsovetskogo Kyrgyzstana. – Nauka i novye tekhnologii. № 4. S. 294-297. (RUS.)
Osinina D. D. 2018. Elitnye gruppy Tsentral'noi Azii v bol'shoi geopoliticheskoi igre. M.: Infa-M. 159 s. (RUS.)
Politicheskie protsessy na postsovetskom prostranstve: novye trendy i starye problemy: kollektivnaya monografiya (otv. red. E.G. Solov'ev, G.I. Chufrin). 2020. M.: Izd-vo IMEMO RAN. 276 s. (RUS.)
Pritchin S.A. 2022. Politicheskii krizis v Kazakhstane. – Rossiya i novye gosudarstva Evrazii. № 1(54). S. 56-67. (RUS.)
Rekk D.A. 2020. Genezis i sushchnostnye kharakteristiki klanov respublik Srednei Azii i Kazakhstana. – Obozrevatel'. № 7(366). S. 87-104. (RUS.)
Rekk D.A., Egorov V. G. 2022. Klany v postsovetskoi Tsentral'noi Azii. SPb: Aleteiya. 194 s. (RUS.)
Rogozhina K.A. 2010. Klientelizm v rekrutirovanii politicheskikh elit v Rossiiskoi Federatsii i postsovetskikh gosudarstvakh Tsentral'noi Azii: dis. ... k.polit.n. M. 241 s. (RUS.)
Rudoi V.V., Ponedelkov A.V., Starostin A.M., Shvets L.G. 2010. Politicheskie elity sovremennoi Rossii: ideologiya, tsennosti, identichnost' sovremennykh rossiiskikh politicheskikh elit. – Naukovedenie: internet-zhurnal. Vyp. 2 (aprel'–iyun'). Dostup: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/politicheskie-elity-sovremennoy-rossii-ideologiya-tsennosti-identichnost-sovremennyh-rossiyskih-politicheskih-elit (provereno 12.02.2025). (RUS.)
Salimov D.M. 2022. Sredstva massovoi informatsii v politicheskom protsesse sovremennogo Tadzhikistana: funktsional'nye osobennosti: dis. … k.polit.n. M. 414 s. (RUS.)
Sitnyanskii G.Yu. 2024. Granitsy v Srednei Azii: chto bylo, chto est', chto budet. – Blizhnii i postsovetskii Vostok. № 4(8). S. 118-137. (RUS.)
Sulakshin S.S. 2011. Sovremennyi rossiiskii elitogenez kak klanovyi printsip formirovaniya gosudarstvennoi vlasti: glava 2. – Bagdasaryan V.E., Sulakshin S.S. Vlastnaya ideinaya transformatsiya: istoricheskii opyt i tipologiya. M.: Nauchnyi ekspert. (RUS.)
Khadyrov R.Yu. 2023. Institutsional'naya transformatsiya politicheskoi sistemy Tadzhikistana (1991–2022 gg.): dis. … k.polit.n. M. 281 s. (RUS.)
Sharafieva O.Kh. 2012. Rol' regional'nykh klanov vo vnutrennei politike Tadzhikistana. – Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. № 359. S. 98-100. (RUS.)
Ergashev Sh. 2020. Iz istorii formirovaniya natsional'noi politicheskoi elity Uzbekistana. – Ekonomika i sotsium. № 12-2(79). S. 517-522. (RUS.)
Cutler R.M. 2005. De-authoritarization in Uzbekistan?: Analysis and Prospects. – Towards Social Stability and Democratic Governance in Central Eurasia: Challenges to Regional Security. Amsterdam: IOS Press. P. 120-141.
Dumoulin М. 2012. The Kazakh Political Elite Generations and Career Profiles. – Revue d’études comparatives Est-Ouest. Vol. 43. No. 1-2. URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/296793667 (accessed 17.05.2025).
Dynasties of the Kazakh nomadic elite in the context of social transformations in the 19th century. 2022. URL: https://nomadit.co.uk/conference/tashkent2022/p/11672 (accessed 17.05.2025).
Rahimi O. 2020. Localism in Tajikistan: How Would It Affect Power Shift? URL: https://moderndiplomacy.eu/2020/08/08/localism-in-tajikistan-how-would-it-affect-power-shift/ (accessed 17.05.2025).
Urmanbetova Zh. 2017. The Current State of Kyrgyzstan: Elite Problem. URL: https://ipi1.ru/images/PDF/2017/87/the-current-state.pdf (accessed 17.05.2025).
Article
Received: 18.07.2025
Issue
Section
POLITICAL SCIENCE
Following the submission of the manuscript to the Publisher, the author binds oneself not to publish it somewhere else without permission of the Publisher.
